Predicting work status in patients with schizophrenia
Japanese scientists demonstrate that the difference between current full scale IQ and estimated premorbid IQ is related to work outcome in patients with schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that occurs in one out of every 100 people. Its symptoms include positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, apathy, and cognitive impairments. In many cases, these symptoms become chronic and relapse. In addition, many patients with schizophrenia show deterioration of intelligence, which prevents them from independent living in their community, and joining the work force, in particular.
A research team led by Ryota Hashimoto at Osaka University clarified that IQ decline, defined as a difference between current full scale IQ (FIQ) and estimated premorbid IQ, was related to work status in patients with schizophrenia. The researchers also proposed a method for estimating probabilities of work outcome in those patients based on related factors, such as IQ decline, social function, and psychiatric symptoms. Their research results were published in Schizophrenia Research.
First, various variables were compared between the preserved group (patients with preserved IQ), the deteriorated group (patients whose current intelligence was lower than their estimated premorbid intelligence), and the healthy controls (the group of healthy volunteers).
Next, they performed logistic regression analyses to predict work status in patients with schizophrenia using the significant variables found in the group comparisons. The work status was dichotomized by a criterion of 1, 10, 20, or 30 hours per week. At each criterion, patients were classified into either the above or the below criterion according to their actual work hours.
The analyses demonstrated that IQ decline was effective for predicting work status. Based on the equations obtained from the logistic regression models, they also presented a method for predicting probabilities for working longer than each criterion.
The first author Chika Sumiyoshi at Fukushima University says, “The amount of work performed by patients with schizophrenia was predicted by doctors only based on their experience and intuition. Our research results will help them to explain how many hours patients can work to them and their families based on objective data and promote consensus-building between the patient and physician. This will help motivate patients to receive treatment and promote their reintegration into society.
Figure 1: Analysis steps
(credit: Sumiyoshi, C., et al., Schizophr. Res. (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.042)
Figure 2: Significant factors for predicting work outcomes
(credit: Fukushima University)
Figure 3: Examples of estimation
Examples of estimation for the less than 20 vs. 20 or longer (hours/week) criterion
(credit: Sumiyoshi, C., et al., Schizophr. Res. (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.042)
The article, “Predicting work outcome in patients with schizophrenia: Influence of IQ decline” was published in Schizophrenia Research , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.042 .
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